Culture Profile: Panama

Panama, located at the crossroads of Central and South America, has a fascinating history shaped by indigenous cultures, European exploration, and its strategic location. Before the Spanish arrived in the 16th century, Panama was inhabited by indigenous groups such as the Ngäbe, Buglé, and Kuna. The Spanish colonized the region, using it as a transit point between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Panama gained independence from Spain in 1821, initially joining Gran Colombia before becoming a separate republic in 1903, largely due to the construction of the Panama Canal. The canal, completed in 1914, has been vital in connecting the world’s oceans and has driven Panama’s economy, making it a global hub for trade.

Panama’s wildlife is incredibly diverse, with tropical rainforests, wetlands, and coastal areas providing rich habitats for species like sloths, howler monkeys, and the endangered harpy eagle. Spanish is the official language, but indigenous languages such as Kuna and Ngäbere are still spoken in indigenous communities. Panama’s culture is a vibrant blend of indigenous, African, and Spanish influences, seen in its music, dance, and cuisine. Traditional foods like sancocho and celebrations such as Carnavales showcase the country’s colorful cultural heritage.