Culture Profile: Norway

Norway's history is deeply intertwined with its Viking heritage, as the Vikings who once ruled vast territories in Europe laid the foundation for the nation’s development. In the 9th century, Norway was unified under Harald Fairhair, and over time, it formed part of the powerful Kingdom of Norway, which later entered unions with Denmark and Sweden. Norway gained independence in 1905, marking the start of its modern identity. Its history is marked by resilience, particularly during World War II when the country endured German occupation but emerged with a strong sense of national pride.

Norwegian wildlife is rich and diverse, shaped by its dramatic landscapes of mountains, forests, and coastline. The country is home to iconic species such as the elk, reindeer, and Arctic fox, while its coastal waters are abundant with fish, including cod and herring. Norway is also renowned for its birdlife, especially puffins, eagles, and seabirds, which populate its cliffs and fjords.

The Norwegian language, a North Germanic language, has two written forms: Bokmål and Nynorsk, reflecting the country's regional and historical variations. Language plays an important role in preserving Norway’s cultural heritage, from ancient sagas to contemporary literature.

Norwegian culture emphasizes a strong connection to nature, particularly through activities like hiking, skiing, and the tradition of "friluftsliv," which means "open-air living." The country’s rich folklore, music, and arts have a deep-rooted Viking influence, and its modern identity is shaped by values of equality, environmental sustainability, and community.